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Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement

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HP 5065A, no 2nd harmonic.

C
cdelect@juno.com
Sun, Nov 28, 2021 9:30 PM

With that offset either the oven set point has changed or there has een a
component value shift in the oscillator circuit.

The easiest way to test is to stick in another 10811 if available.

You could also install one of the original  105 style oscillators if you
have one.

Cheers,

Corby

With that offset either the oven set point has changed or there has een a component value shift in the oscillator circuit. The easiest way to test is to stick in another 10811 if available. You could also install one of the original 105 style oscillators if you have one. Cheers, Corby
JC
Jared Cabot
Tue, Nov 30, 2021 2:36 PM

Ok, so I carefully dismantled the OCXO and I may have found the culprit... The screws holding the two transistors to the metal body were both less than finger tight!
Don't know how that happened, so they were cinched up to 5in-lbs with the torque screwdriver as per the service manual, and I'll give the thing a test once it's all back together.
I'll have a dig around to see if I can find a small thermocouple or similar to see what the oven temperature is at now.

Also, I noticed that a 2.0uF, 20% film capacitor in there is looking like it's had a bit of heat-stroke.
It measures 2.119uF, 0.22ohm ESR, with a dissipation of 0.004 @ 40V, @ 1kHz, so it seems to test ok.
Does this look like it needs to be replaced (picture link below)? I can't find the same part on Digikey/Mouser, but it seems like Keysight have them as 'orderable' status.
Details are as follows: P/N: 0160-4947 Part Description: Capacitor-Fixed 2uF +-20PCT 50V polyester metallized THT

https://i.imgur.com/aZ0KUD8.jpg

Thanks!
Jared

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

On Monday, November 29th, 2021 at 06:30, cdelect@juno.com wrote:

With that offset either the oven set point has changed or there has een a

component value shift in the oscillator circuit.

The easiest way to test is to stick in another 10811 if available.

You could also install one of the original 105 style oscillators if you

have one.

Cheers,

Corby

time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@lists.febo.com -- To unsubscribe send an email to time-nuts-leave@lists.febo.com

To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there.

Ok, so I carefully dismantled the OCXO and I may have found the culprit... The screws holding the two transistors to the metal body were both less than finger tight! Don't know how that happened, so they were cinched up to 5in-lbs with the torque screwdriver as per the service manual, and I'll give the thing a test once it's all back together. I'll have a dig around to see if I can find a small thermocouple or similar to see what the oven temperature is at now. Also, I noticed that a 2.0uF, 20% film capacitor in there is looking like it's had a bit of heat-stroke. It measures 2.119uF, 0.22ohm ESR, with a dissipation of 0.004 @ 40V, @ 1kHz, so it seems to test ok. Does this look like it needs to be replaced (picture link below)? I can't find the same part on Digikey/Mouser, but it seems like Keysight have them as 'orderable' status. Details are as follows: P/N: 0160-4947 Part Description: Capacitor-Fixed 2uF +-20PCT 50V polyester metallized THT https://i.imgur.com/aZ0KUD8.jpg Thanks! Jared ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ On Monday, November 29th, 2021 at 06:30, <cdelect@juno.com> wrote: > With that offset either the oven set point has changed or there has een a > > component value shift in the oscillator circuit. > > The easiest way to test is to stick in another 10811 if available. > > You could also install one of the original 105 style oscillators if you > > have one. > > Cheers, > > Corby > > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@lists.febo.com -- To unsubscribe send an email to time-nuts-leave@lists.febo.com > > To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there.
BK
Bob kb8tq
Tue, Nov 30, 2021 3:19 PM

Hi

Quick and dirty way to check the oven is to monitor current. It should start out
near the max rated power and drop back after a few minutes.

Bob

On Nov 30, 2021, at 9:36 AM, Jared Cabot via time-nuts time-nuts@lists.febo.com wrote:

Ok, so I carefully dismantled the OCXO and I may have found the culprit... The screws holding the two transistors to the metal body were both less than finger tight!
Don't know how that happened, so they were cinched up to 5in-lbs with the torque screwdriver as per the service manual, and I'll give the thing a test once it's all back together.
I'll have a dig around to see if I can find a small thermocouple or similar to see what the oven temperature is at now.

Also, I noticed that a 2.0uF, 20% film capacitor in there is looking like it's had a bit of heat-stroke.
It measures 2.119uF, 0.22ohm ESR, with a dissipation of 0.004 @ 40V, @ 1kHz, so it seems to test ok.
Does this look like it needs to be replaced (picture link below)? I can't find the same part on Digikey/Mouser, but it seems like Keysight have them as 'orderable' status.
Details are as follows: P/N: 0160-4947 Part Description: Capacitor-Fixed 2uF +-20PCT 50V polyester metallized THT

https://i.imgur.com/aZ0KUD8.jpg

Thanks!
Jared

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

On Monday, November 29th, 2021 at 06:30, cdelect@juno.com wrote:

With that offset either the oven set point has changed or there has een a

component value shift in the oscillator circuit.

The easiest way to test is to stick in another 10811 if available.

You could also install one of the original 105 style oscillators if you

have one.

Cheers,

Corby

time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@lists.febo.com -- To unsubscribe send an email to time-nuts-leave@lists.febo.com

To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there.


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To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there.

Hi Quick and dirty way to check the oven is to monitor current. It should start out near the max rated power and drop back after a few minutes. Bob > On Nov 30, 2021, at 9:36 AM, Jared Cabot via time-nuts <time-nuts@lists.febo.com> wrote: > > Ok, so I carefully dismantled the OCXO and I may have found the culprit... The screws holding the two transistors to the metal body were both less than finger tight! > Don't know how that happened, so they were cinched up to 5in-lbs with the torque screwdriver as per the service manual, and I'll give the thing a test once it's all back together. > I'll have a dig around to see if I can find a small thermocouple or similar to see what the oven temperature is at now. > > Also, I noticed that a 2.0uF, 20% film capacitor in there is looking like it's had a bit of heat-stroke. > It measures 2.119uF, 0.22ohm ESR, with a dissipation of 0.004 @ 40V, @ 1kHz, so it seems to test ok. > Does this look like it needs to be replaced (picture link below)? I can't find the same part on Digikey/Mouser, but it seems like Keysight have them as 'orderable' status. > Details are as follows: P/N: 0160-4947 Part Description: Capacitor-Fixed 2uF +-20PCT 50V polyester metallized THT > > https://i.imgur.com/aZ0KUD8.jpg > > Thanks! > Jared > > ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ > > On Monday, November 29th, 2021 at 06:30, <cdelect@juno.com> wrote: > >> With that offset either the oven set point has changed or there has een a >> > >> component value shift in the oscillator circuit. >> > >> The easiest way to test is to stick in another 10811 if available. >> > >> You could also install one of the original 105 style oscillators if you >> > >> have one. >> > >> Cheers, >> > >> Corby >> > >> time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@lists.febo.com -- To unsubscribe send an email to time-nuts-leave@lists.febo.com >> > >> To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there. > _______________________________________________ > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@lists.febo.com -- To unsubscribe send an email to time-nuts-leave@lists.febo.com > To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there.
RL
Robert LaJeunesse
Tue, Nov 30, 2021 3:41 PM

That film cap does look a little cooked. Since it is a 2uF 20% 50V part a more common 2.2uF 10% 63V part would likely be an acceptable substitute, and basically still within overall tolerance. Judging from the teflon solder cup used I suspect insulation resistance is a critical parameter. Be sure to clean away any flux remaining after soldering.

Bob L.

Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 2021 at 9:36 AM
From: "Jared Cabot via time-nuts" time-nuts@lists.febo.com
To: "Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement" time-nuts@lists.febo.com
Cc: "Jared Cabot" jaredcabot@protonmail.com
Subject: [time-nuts] Re: HP 5065A, no 2nd harmonic.

...

Also, I noticed that a 2.0uF, 20% film capacitor in there is looking like it's had a bit of heat-stroke.
It measures 2.119uF, 0.22ohm ESR, with a dissipation of 0.004 @ 40V, @ 1kHz, so it seems to test ok.
Does this look like it needs to be replaced (picture link below)? I can't find the same part on Digikey/Mouser, but it seems like Keysight have them as 'orderable' status.
Details are as follows: P/N: 0160-4947 Part Description: Capacitor-Fixed 2uF +-20PCT 50V polyester metallized THT

https://i.imgur.com/aZ0KUD8.jpg

Thanks!
Jared

That film cap does look a little cooked. Since it is a 2uF 20% 50V part a more common 2.2uF 10% 63V part would likely be an acceptable substitute, and basically still within overall tolerance. Judging from the teflon solder cup used I suspect insulation resistance is a critical parameter. Be sure to clean away any flux remaining after soldering. Bob L. > Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 2021 at 9:36 AM > From: "Jared Cabot via time-nuts" <time-nuts@lists.febo.com> > To: "Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement" <time-nuts@lists.febo.com> > Cc: "Jared Cabot" <jaredcabot@protonmail.com> > Subject: [time-nuts] Re: HP 5065A, no 2nd harmonic. > > ... > > Also, I noticed that a 2.0uF, 20% film capacitor in there is looking like it's had a bit of heat-stroke. > It measures 2.119uF, 0.22ohm ESR, with a dissipation of 0.004 @ 40V, @ 1kHz, so it seems to test ok. > Does this look like it needs to be replaced (picture link below)? I can't find the same part on Digikey/Mouser, but it seems like Keysight have them as 'orderable' status. > Details are as follows: P/N: 0160-4947 Part Description: Capacitor-Fixed 2uF +-20PCT 50V polyester metallized THT > > https://i.imgur.com/aZ0KUD8.jpg > > Thanks! > Jared
JC
Jared Cabot
Tue, Nov 30, 2021 4:03 PM

Well, I found it, the thermal fuse is open circuit.
If I briefly bypass it with a jumper wire, the oven pulls the expected current.

Looks like I need something that will trip at roughly around 115C, rated to 1.0A
(HP Part number 10811-80008)
Hopefully I can find something in Akihabara to make it easier to get my hands on ASAP...

Jared

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

On Wednesday, December 1st, 2021 at 00:41, Robert LaJeunesse lajeunesse@mail.com wrote:

That film cap does look a little cooked. Since it is a 2uF 20% 50V part a more common 2.2uF 10% 63V part would likely be an acceptable substitute, and basically still within overall tolerance. Judging from the teflon solder cup used I suspect insulation resistance is a critical parameter. Be sure to clean away any flux remaining after soldering.

Bob L.

Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 2021 at 9:36 AM

From: "Jared Cabot via time-nuts" time-nuts@lists.febo.com

To: "Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement" time-nuts@lists.febo.com

Cc: "Jared Cabot" jaredcabot@protonmail.com

Subject: [time-nuts] Re: HP 5065A, no 2nd harmonic.

...

Also, I noticed that a 2.0uF, 20% film capacitor in there is looking like it's had a bit of heat-stroke.

It measures 2.119uF, 0.22ohm ESR, with a dissipation of 0.004 @ 40V, @ 1kHz, so it seems to test ok.

Does this look like it needs to be replaced (picture link below)? I can't find the same part on Digikey/Mouser, but it seems like Keysight have them as 'orderable' status.

Details are as follows: P/N: 0160-4947 Part Description: Capacitor-Fixed 2uF +-20PCT 50V polyester metallized THT

Thanks!

Jared

time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@lists.febo.com -- To unsubscribe send an email to time-nuts-leave@lists.febo.com

To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there.

Well, I found it, the thermal fuse is open circuit. If I briefly bypass it with a jumper wire, the oven pulls the expected current. Looks like I need something that will trip at roughly around 115C, rated to 1.0A (HP Part number 10811-80008) Hopefully I can find something in Akihabara to make it easier to get my hands on ASAP... Jared ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ On Wednesday, December 1st, 2021 at 00:41, Robert LaJeunesse <lajeunesse@mail.com> wrote: > That film cap does look a little cooked. Since it is a 2uF 20% 50V part a more common 2.2uF 10% 63V part would likely be an acceptable substitute, and basically still within overall tolerance. Judging from the teflon solder cup used I suspect insulation resistance is a critical parameter. Be sure to clean away any flux remaining after soldering. > > Bob L. > > > Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 2021 at 9:36 AM > > > > From: "Jared Cabot via time-nuts" time-nuts@lists.febo.com > > > > To: "Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement" time-nuts@lists.febo.com > > > > Cc: "Jared Cabot" jaredcabot@protonmail.com > > > > Subject: [time-nuts] Re: HP 5065A, no 2nd harmonic. > > > > ... > > > > Also, I noticed that a 2.0uF, 20% film capacitor in there is looking like it's had a bit of heat-stroke. > > > > It measures 2.119uF, 0.22ohm ESR, with a dissipation of 0.004 @ 40V, @ 1kHz, so it seems to test ok. > > > > Does this look like it needs to be replaced (picture link below)? I can't find the same part on Digikey/Mouser, but it seems like Keysight have them as 'orderable' status. > > > > Details are as follows: P/N: 0160-4947 Part Description: Capacitor-Fixed 2uF +-20PCT 50V polyester metallized THT > > > > https://i.imgur.com/aZ0KUD8.jpg > > > > Thanks! > > > > Jared > > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@lists.febo.com -- To unsubscribe send an email to time-nuts-leave@lists.febo.com > > To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there.
LM
Larry McDavid
Tue, Nov 30, 2021 5:05 PM

Do these thermal fuses fail spontaneously or is there a common cause?

If the "heater" transistor mounting screws were quite loose, those
transistors themselves might have overheated and failed. But, a thermal
fuse should fail by high temperature...

Sounds like progress, though. Cold OCXO means low frequency.

Jared, I sent you a private email with some pictures; did you get that?

Larry

On 11/30/2021 8:03 AM, Jared Cabot via time-nuts wrote:

Well, I found it, the thermal fuse is open circuit.
If I briefly bypass it with a jumper wire, the oven pulls the expected current.

Looks like I need something that will trip at roughly around 115C, rated to 1.0A
(HP Part number 10811-80008)
Hopefully I can find something in Akihabara to make it easier to get my hands on ASAP...

Jared

...

Best wishes,

Larry McDavid W6FUB
Anaheim, California (SE of Los Angeles, near Disneyland)

Do these thermal fuses fail spontaneously or is there a common cause? If the "heater" transistor mounting screws were quite loose, those transistors themselves might have overheated and failed. But, a thermal fuse should fail by high temperature... Sounds like progress, though. Cold OCXO means low frequency. Jared, I sent you a private email with some pictures; did you get that? Larry On 11/30/2021 8:03 AM, Jared Cabot via time-nuts wrote: > Well, I found it, the thermal fuse is open circuit. > If I briefly bypass it with a jumper wire, the oven pulls the expected current. > > Looks like I need something that will trip at roughly around 115C, rated to 1.0A > (HP Part number 10811-80008) > Hopefully I can find something in Akihabara to make it easier to get my hands on ASAP... > > Jared ... -- Best wishes, Larry McDavid W6FUB Anaheim, California (SE of Los Angeles, near Disneyland)
JC
Jared Cabot
Tue, Nov 30, 2021 5:34 PM

I was reading in a past thread on the time-nuts mailing list that the thermal fuses can occasionally spontaneously go open circuit with age, far more often than going open due to a real thermal fault.
(I wonder how many have been discarded over the years due to this issue?)
They appear to be constructed from two spring contacts held closed by wax. As the fuse heats up, the wax melts allowing the contacts to permanently open.
It would appear that age can cause the contacts to open too... A common fix is a wire jumper (The fuse is conveniently socketed, so a resistor leg offcut makes a nice jumper).

I plan to source a replacement thermal fuse, just to keep things a bit safer.

Also, I did get the pictures, thanks for that! I replied directly just now.

Jared.

‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

On Wednesday, December 1st, 2021 at 02:05, Larry McDavid lmcdavid@lmceng.com wrote:

Do these thermal fuses fail spontaneously or is there a common cause?

If the "heater" transistor mounting screws were quite loose, those

transistors themselves might have overheated and failed. But, a thermal

fuse should fail by high temperature...

Sounds like progress, though. Cold OCXO means low frequency.

Jared, I sent you a private email with some pictures; did you get that?

Larry

On 11/30/2021 8:03 AM, Jared Cabot via time-nuts wrote:

Well, I found it, the thermal fuse is open circuit.

If I briefly bypass it with a jumper wire, the oven pulls the expected current.

Looks like I need something that will trip at roughly around 115C, rated to 1.0A

(HP Part number 10811-80008)

Hopefully I can find something in Akihabara to make it easier to get my hands on ASAP...

Jared

...

Best wishes,

Larry McDavid W6FUB

Anaheim, California (SE of Los Angeles, near Disneyland)

time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@lists.febo.com -- To unsubscribe send an email to time-nuts-leave@lists.febo.com

To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there.

I was reading in a past thread on the time-nuts mailing list that the thermal fuses can occasionally spontaneously go open circuit with age, far more often than going open due to a real thermal fault. (I wonder how many have been discarded over the years due to this issue?) They appear to be constructed from two spring contacts held closed by wax. As the fuse heats up, the wax melts allowing the contacts to permanently open. It would appear that age can cause the contacts to open too... A common fix is a wire jumper (The fuse is conveniently socketed, so a resistor leg offcut makes a nice jumper). I plan to source a replacement thermal fuse, just to keep things a bit safer. Also, I did get the pictures, thanks for that! I replied directly just now. Jared. ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Original Message ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ On Wednesday, December 1st, 2021 at 02:05, Larry McDavid <lmcdavid@lmceng.com> wrote: > Do these thermal fuses fail spontaneously or is there a common cause? > > If the "heater" transistor mounting screws were quite loose, those > > transistors themselves might have overheated and failed. But, a thermal > > fuse should fail by high temperature... > > Sounds like progress, though. Cold OCXO means low frequency. > > Jared, I sent you a private email with some pictures; did you get that? > > Larry > > On 11/30/2021 8:03 AM, Jared Cabot via time-nuts wrote: > > > Well, I found it, the thermal fuse is open circuit. > > > > If I briefly bypass it with a jumper wire, the oven pulls the expected current. > > > > Looks like I need something that will trip at roughly around 115C, rated to 1.0A > > > > (HP Part number 10811-80008) > > > > Hopefully I can find something in Akihabara to make it easier to get my hands on ASAP... > > > > Jared > > ... > --- > > Best wishes, > > Larry McDavid W6FUB > > Anaheim, California (SE of Los Angeles, near Disneyland) > > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@lists.febo.com -- To unsubscribe send an email to time-nuts-leave@lists.febo.com > > To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there.
DR
Dan Rae
Tue, Nov 30, 2021 6:09 PM

On 11/30/2021 7:19 AM, Bob kb8tq wrote:

Hi

Quick and dirty way to check the oven is to monitor current. It should start out
near the max rated power and drop back after a few minutes.

And it's worth checking the thermal fuse, which I've had fail in a lot
of them.

Dan

On 11/30/2021 7:19 AM, Bob kb8tq wrote: > Hi > > Quick and dirty way to check the oven is to monitor current. It should start out > near the max rated power and drop back after a few minutes. And it's worth checking the thermal fuse, which I've had fail in a lot of them. Dan
PS
paul swed
Tue, Nov 30, 2021 6:32 PM

Yes the fuses can just fail like any fuse. But with the oven it pays to
very carefully insure they didn't fail because of temp. and that they did
there job.
Regards
Paul
WB8TSL

On Tue, Nov 30, 2021 at 1:09 PM Dan Rae via time-nuts <
time-nuts@lists.febo.com> wrote:

On 11/30/2021 7:19 AM, Bob kb8tq wrote:

Hi

Quick and dirty way to check the oven is to monitor current. It should

start out

near the max rated power and drop back after a few minutes.

And it's worth checking the thermal fuse, which I've had fail in a lot
of them.

Dan


time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@lists.febo.com -- To unsubscribe send
an email to time-nuts-leave@lists.febo.com
To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there.

Yes the fuses can just fail like any fuse. But with the oven it pays to very carefully insure they didn't fail because of temp. and that they did there job. Regards Paul WB8TSL On Tue, Nov 30, 2021 at 1:09 PM Dan Rae via time-nuts < time-nuts@lists.febo.com> wrote: > On 11/30/2021 7:19 AM, Bob kb8tq wrote: > > Hi > > > > Quick and dirty way to check the oven is to monitor current. It should > start out > > near the max rated power and drop back after a few minutes. > > And it's worth checking the thermal fuse, which I've had fail in a lot > of them. > > Dan > _______________________________________________ > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@lists.febo.com -- To unsubscribe send > an email to time-nuts-leave@lists.febo.com > To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there. >
BK
Bob kb8tq
Tue, Nov 30, 2021 7:34 PM

Hi

The thermal fuses die on their own far more often than they die protecting
anything. The fuse is there to provide safety is certain odd situations. The
simple answer these days is to replace it with a piece of wire.

Bob

On Nov 30, 2021, at 12:05 PM, Larry McDavid lmcdavid@lmceng.com wrote:

Do these thermal fuses fail spontaneously or is there a common cause?

If the "heater" transistor mounting screws were quite loose, those transistors themselves might have overheated and failed. But, a thermal fuse should fail by high temperature...

Sounds like progress, though. Cold OCXO means low frequency.

Jared, I sent you a private email with some pictures; did you get that?

Larry

On 11/30/2021 8:03 AM, Jared Cabot via time-nuts wrote:

Well, I found it, the thermal fuse is open circuit.
If I briefly bypass it with a jumper wire, the oven pulls the expected current.
Looks like I need something that will trip at roughly around 115C, rated to 1.0A
(HP Part number 10811-80008)
Hopefully I can find something in Akihabara to make it easier to get my hands on ASAP...
Jared

...

Best wishes,

Larry McDavid W6FUB
Anaheim, California (SE of Los Angeles, near Disneyland)


time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@lists.febo.com -- To unsubscribe send an email to time-nuts-leave@lists.febo.com
To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there.

Hi The thermal fuses die on their own far more often than they die protecting anything. The fuse is there to provide safety is certain odd situations. The simple answer these days is to replace it with a piece of wire. Bob > On Nov 30, 2021, at 12:05 PM, Larry McDavid <lmcdavid@lmceng.com> wrote: > > Do these thermal fuses fail spontaneously or is there a common cause? > > If the "heater" transistor mounting screws were quite loose, those transistors themselves might have overheated and failed. But, a thermal fuse should fail by high temperature... > > Sounds like progress, though. Cold OCXO means low frequency. > > Jared, I sent you a private email with some pictures; did you get that? > > Larry > > > On 11/30/2021 8:03 AM, Jared Cabot via time-nuts wrote: >> Well, I found it, the thermal fuse is open circuit. >> If I briefly bypass it with a jumper wire, the oven pulls the expected current. >> Looks like I need something that will trip at roughly around 115C, rated to 1.0A >> (HP Part number 10811-80008) >> Hopefully I can find something in Akihabara to make it easier to get my hands on ASAP... >> Jared > ... > -- > Best wishes, > > Larry McDavid W6FUB > Anaheim, California (SE of Los Angeles, near Disneyland) > _______________________________________________ > time-nuts mailing list -- time-nuts@lists.febo.com -- To unsubscribe send an email to time-nuts-leave@lists.febo.com > To unsubscribe, go to and follow the instructions there.