Luis, I agree with your analysis. For those interested here's a cite to a Maryland case that discusses the issue under Maryland law. Watts & Sims, Inc. v. Johnson, 2018 Md. App. LEXIS 489 Watts & Sims, Inc. v. Johnson, No. 198, 2018 Md. App. LEXIS 489, at *1 (App. May 23, 2018) From: Luis Corchado <Luis.Corchado@cityofthornton.net> Sent: Monday, January 6, 2020 2:39 PM To: Chuck Thompson <cthompson@imla.org>; federal@lists.imla.org; 'policeadvisors@lists.imla.org' (policeadvisors@lists.imla.org) <policeadvisors@lists.imla.org> Subject: RE: Member question - suits involving officers in secondary employment Great topic for discussion, and very complex, Chuck. In Thornton and (Denver where I was before Thornton), we have defended police claims where the police were engaged in law enforcement activities while off duty, e.g., arresting someone for disturbing the peace vs. kicking a party out of a wedding because he/she is an unwanted guest. If it's a law enforcement activity, it's tough in my view to win summary judgment on a Monell claim by arguing it was not "state action." This issue is driven heavily by the off-duty agreements and the police department written policy. These agreements and policies try to define "scope of employment" for traditional tort claims. If the police are wearing a police uniform, that affects matters greatly. Then there is the political aspect of "not representing the officer" in a lawsuit. Luis Luis A. Corchado Thornton City Attorney City of Thornton 9500 Civic Center Drive Thornton, Colorado 80229 303-538-7213 From: Policeadvisors <policeadvisors-bounces@lists.imla.org<mailto:policeadvisors-bounces@lists.imla.org>> On Behalf Of Chuck Thompson Sent: Monday, January 6, 2020 11:03 AM To: federal@lists.imla.org<mailto:federal@lists.imla.org>; 'policeadvisors@lists.imla.org' (policeadvisors@lists.imla.org<mailto:policeadvisors@lists.imla.org>) <policeadvisors@lists.imla.org<mailto:policeadvisors@lists.imla.org>> Subject: [EXTERNAL] [Policeadvisors] Member question - suits involving officers in secondary employment I am interested in learning if and how others have argued civil suits against police officers who were working in an off-duty capacity for a private entity. Caselaw is scant that explains whether the City or the private entity bears the "employer" responsibilities, whether that be Monell-like claims or more general respondeat superior type claims, respectively. Any input would be appreciated. [cid:image001.png@01D5C4A3.DB30F5F0] Charles W. Thompson, Jr. Executive Director/General Counsel International Municipal Lawyers Association, Inc. 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