time-nuts@lists.febo.com

Discussion of precise time and frequency measurement

View all threads

Flicker noise tutorial (free download)

MK
Mark Kahrs
Tue, Mar 7, 2023 4:57 PM
  • Abstract:*
    A deep understanding of how to reduce flicker phase noise (PN) in
    oscillators is critical in supporting ultra-low PN frequency generation for
    the advanced communications and other emerging high-speed applications.
    Unfortunately, the current literature is either full of conflicting
    theories and ambiguities or too complex in mathematics, hiding the physical
    insights. In this brief, we comprehensively review the evolution of flicker
    noise upconversion theories and clarify their controversial and confusing
    parts. Two classes of such upconversion mechanisms in voltage-biased
    LC-tank oscillators (nMOS-only and complementary) are specifically compared
    and numerically verified using a commercial simulation model of 28-nm CMOS.
    We identify that non-resistive terminations of both 2nd and 3rd harmonic
    currents contribute to oscillation waveform asymmetries that lead to the
    flicker noise upconversion. Further, we discuss three 1/f 3 PN reduction
    mechanisms: waveform shaping, narrowing of conduction angle, and gate-drain
    phase shift.
    *Published in: *IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs
    https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=8920 ( Volume: 68,
    Issue: 2
    https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=9340029&punumber=8920,
    February 2021)

Download: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9286468

* Abstract:* A deep understanding of how to reduce flicker phase noise (PN) in oscillators is critical in supporting ultra-low PN frequency generation for the advanced communications and other emerging high-speed applications. Unfortunately, the current literature is either full of conflicting theories and ambiguities or too complex in mathematics, hiding the physical insights. In this brief, we comprehensively review the evolution of flicker noise upconversion theories and clarify their controversial and confusing parts. Two classes of such upconversion mechanisms in voltage-biased LC-tank oscillators (nMOS-only and complementary) are specifically compared and numerically verified using a commercial simulation model of 28-nm CMOS. We identify that non-resistive terminations of both 2nd and 3rd harmonic currents contribute to oscillation waveform asymmetries that lead to the flicker noise upconversion. Further, we discuss three 1/f 3 PN reduction mechanisms: waveform shaping, narrowing of conduction angle, and gate-drain phase shift. *Published in: *IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=8920> ( Volume: 68, Issue: 2 <https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/tocresult.jsp?isnumber=9340029&punumber=8920>, February 2021) Download: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9286468